![]() ![]() ^ Wood KS Meekins JF Yentis DJ Smathers HW McNutt DP Bleach RD (1984).Luminosity Distribution in the Seyfert Galaxy NGC 1566". ^ a b c Alexander, Tal Lutz, Dieter Sturm, Eckhard Genzel, Reinhard Sternberg, Amiel Netzer, Hagai (June 2000), "Infrared Spectroscopy of NGC 1068: Probing the Obscured Ionizing AGN Continuum", The Astrophysical Journal, 536 (2): 710–717, arXiv: astro-ph/0002107, Bibcode: 2000ApJ.536.710A, doi: 10.1086/308973, S2CID 15617708.^ de Vaucouleurs, Gérard (April 1963), "Revised Classification of 1500 Bright Galaxies", Astrophysical Journal Supplement, 8: 31, Bibcode: 1963ApJS.8.31D, doi: 10.1086/190084.Messier's Nebulae and Star Clusters (2nd ed.). Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg. ^ "Messier 77: Cetus A - Messier Objects".(1991), Third reference catalogue of bright galaxies, 9, New York: Springer-Verlag. "Pattern Speeds BIMA-SONG Galaxies with Molecule-Dominated ISMs Using the Tremaine-Weinberg Method". ^ a b "NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database".Price, Stephan Seitzer, Patrick Jarrett, Thomas H. NGC 1106 Another galaxy with an active galactic nucleus.It is the second detection by IceCube after TXS 0506+056, and only the fourth known source including SN1987A and solar neutrinos. In November 2022, the IceCube collaboration announced the detection of a neutrino source emitted by the active galactic nucleus of Messier 77. In February 2022 the European Southern Observatory found a cloud of cosmic dust at the centre of Messier 77 hiding a supermassive black hole. It is a type II supernova, and at discovery it was 15th magnitude and brightening. The supernova, named SN 2018ivc, was discovered on 24 November 2018 by the DLT40 Survey. Only one supernova has been detected in Messier 77. X-ray source 1H 0244+001 in Cetus has been identified as Messier 77. It is the brightest and one of the closest and best-studied type 2 Seyfert galaxies, forming a prototype of this class. ![]() The hot dust around the nucleus was subsequently measured in the mid-infrared by the MIDI instrument at the VLTI. The diameter of the molecular disk and hot plasma associated with the obscuring material was first measured at radio wavelengths by the VLBA and VLA. Messier 77 is an active galaxy with an active galactic nucleus (AGN), which is obscured from view by astronomical dust at visible wavelengths. However, infrared images of the inner part of the galaxy reveal a prominent bar not seen in visual light, and for this reason it is now considered a barred spiral. (2015) gave it a class of SAa, suggesting tightly wound arms. The morphological classification of NGC 1068 in the De Vaucouleurs system is (R)SA(rs)b, where the '(R)' indicates an outer ring-like structure, 'SA' denotes a non-barred spiral, '(rs)' means a transitional inner ring/spiral structure, and 'b' says the spiral arms are moderately wound. Today, however, the object is known to be a galaxy. Both Messier and William Herschel described this galaxy as a star cluster. Méchain then communicated his discovery to Charles Messier, who subsequently listed the object in his catalog. Messier 77 was discovered by Pierre Méchain in 1780, who originally described it as a nebula. It is about 47 million light-years (14 Mpc) away from Earth. ![]() Messier 77 ( M77), also known as NGC 1068 or the Squid Galaxy, is a barred spiral galaxy in the constellation Cetus. ![]() One of the biggest galaxies of Messier's catalog. ![]()
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